Kassler W J, Dillon B A, Haley C, Jones W K, Goldman A
Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
AIDS. 1997 Jul;11(8):1045-51. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199708000-00014.
New rapid HIV antibody tests have allowed provision of results and result-specific counseling on the day on initial visit, and have the potential to increase the efficiency of HIV counseling and testing.
To evaluate the use of rapid testing with same-day results in public clinics, the Single Use Diagnostic System HIV-1 rapid assay was used for a 3-month period at an anonymous testing clinic and a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic in Dallas, Texas. Non-reactive rapid test results were reported as HIV-negative. Reactive results were reported as 'preliminary positive'. These procedures were compared with standard testing during a baseline period, with respect to number of clients receiving results and post-test counseling, client satisfaction, counselor acceptance, cost and effectiveness at reducing HIV risk.
Rapid testing resulted in an increase in the number of persons learning their serostatus: a 4% increase for uninfected and a 16% increase for infected clients at the Anonymous Testing Clinic; a 210% increase for uninfected patients and a 23% increase for infected patients at the STD clinic. Rapid testing resulted in a cost saving of US$ 11 per test in both the anonymous and STD clinics. Of those previously tested, 88% responded that they preferred the rapid test. In the year following initial HIV test, clients tested with rapid and standard procedures were equally likely to return to the clinic with a new STD (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.7-1.4).
Rapid, on-site HIV testing was feasible, preferred by clients, and, resulted in significant improvement in the number of persons learning their serostatus, without increasing the costs or decreasing the effectiveness of counseling and testing.
新型快速艾滋病毒抗体检测能够在初次就诊当天提供检测结果及针对性咨询，具有提高艾滋病毒咨询与检测效率的潜力。
为评估在公共诊所使用当日出结果的快速检测，在得克萨斯州达拉斯市的一家匿名检测诊所和一家性传播疾病（STD）诊所，使用一次性诊断系统HIV-1快速检测法进行了为期3个月的检测。非反应性快速检测结果报告为艾滋病毒阴性。反应性结果报告为“初步阳性”。将这些程序与基线期的标准检测在接受检测结果的客户数量、检测后咨询、客户满意度、咨询师接受度、成本以及降低艾滋病毒风险的有效性方面进行了比较。
快速检测使了解自身血清学状态的人数增加：在匿名检测诊所，未感染客户增加了4%，感染客户增加了16%；在STD诊所，未感染患者增加了210%，感染患者增加了23%。快速检测在匿名诊所和STD诊所均使每次检测节省成本11美元。在之前接受过检测的人中，88%表示更喜欢快速检测。在初次艾滋病毒检测后的一年里，采用快速检测和标准程序检测的客户感染新STD返回诊所的可能性相同（优势比，0.97；95%置信区间，0.7 - 1.4）。
快速现场艾滋病毒检测可行，受客户青睐，显著增加了了解自身血清学状态的人数，且未增加成本或降低咨询与检测的效果。
