Claussen B
Institute of Social Insurance Medicine, Oslo, Norway.
Int J Rehabil Res. 1997 Jun;20(2):139-47. doi: 10.1097/00004356-199706000-00003.
This paper reports the use of vocational rehabilitation among applicants for disability benefits in Norway before and after the eligibility criteria were tightened in 1991. The data sources were documents of 668 applicants from 1990 and 1993 in two countries. Vocational rehabilitation is the preferred benefit in the National Insurance Act, and was a core issue in the restriction reform. Nevertheless, rehabilitation was tried by only 14% of the applicants in 1990, and by no more than 19% in 1993. Eight per cent of the applicants were referred to an employment officer before determination in 1990, and 14% in 1993. In order to study different pathways from work to applying for disability benefits, six types of 'social security careers' were constructed. The commonest comprised sick pay only, the second led through unemployment, and the third included rehabilitation. Rehabilitation may also be offered to applicants who are refused disability benefits. This was the alternative determination for 4% of the refused cases in 1990, a proportion that increased to 12% after the reform. The main reason for the relatively infrequent use of rehabilitation is probably the continuous downgrading over many years of resources and institutions for this task.
本文报告了1991年挪威收紧残疾福利资格标准前后，残疾福利申请人职业康复服务的使用情况。数据来源是来自两个国家1990年和1993年668名申请人的文件。职业康复是《国家保险法》中优先考虑的福利，也是限制改革的核心问题。然而，1990年只有14%的申请人尝试过职业康复，1993年这一比例也不超过19%。1990年有8%的申请人在确定残疾福利资格之前被转介给就业官员，1993年这一比例为14%。为了研究从工作到申请残疾福利的不同途径，构建了六种“社会保障职业路径”。最常见的仅包括病假工资，第二种途径是经历失业，第三种途径包括职业康复。对于被拒绝给予残疾福利的申请人，也可能提供职业康复服务。1990年，这是4%被拒案件的替代决定，改革后这一比例增至12%。职业康复使用相对较少的主要原因可能是多年来用于这项任务的资源和机构持续减少。
