Lowrance R, Altier LS, Newbold JD, Schnabel RR, Groffman PM, Denver JM, Correll DL, Gilliam JW, Robinson JL, Brinsfield RB, Staver KW, Lucas W, Todd AH
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory Tifton, Georgia 31793, USA
Environ Manage. 1997 Sep;21(5):687-712. doi: 10.1007/s002679900060.
/ Maryland, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, USA, have agreed to reduce nutrient loadings to Chesapeake Bay by 40% by the year 2000. This requires control of nonpoint sources of nutrients, much of which comes from agriculture. Riparian forest buffer systems (RFBS) provide effective control of nonpoint source (NPS) pollution in some types of agricultural watersheds. Control of NPS pollution is dependent on the type of pollutant and the hydrologic connection between pollution sources, the RFBS, and the stream. Water quality improvements are most likely in areas of where most of the excess precipitation moves across, in, or near the root zone of the RFBS. In areas such as the Inner Coastal Plain and Piedmont watersheds with thin soils, RFBS should retain 50%-90% of the total loading of nitrate in shallow groundwater, sediment in surface runoff, and total N in both surface runoff and groundwater. Retention of phosphorus is generally much less. In regions with deeper soils and/or greater regional groundwater recharge (such as parts of the Piedmont and the Valley and Ridge), RFBS water quality improvements are probably much less. The expected levels of pollutant control by RFBS are identified for each of nine physiographic provinces of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. Issues related to of establishment, sustainability, and management are also discussed.KEY WORDS: Riparian forest buffers; Chesapeake Bay; Nonpoint source pollution; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Sediment
美国马里兰州、弗吉尼亚州和宾夕法尼亚州已同意到2000年将流入切萨皮克湾的营养物负荷减少40%。这需要控制营养物的非点源污染，其中大部分来自农业。河岸森林缓冲系统（RFBS）能有效控制某些类型农业流域的非点源（NPS）污染。NPS污染的控制取决于污染物类型以及污染源、RFBS和溪流之间的水文联系。在大部分过量降水穿过、进入RFBS根区或在其附近的区域，水质改善的可能性最大。在土壤浅薄的内陆沿海平原和皮埃蒙特流域等地区，RFBS应截留浅层地下水中硝酸盐总负荷、地表径流中沉积物以及地表径流和地下水中总氮的50%-90%。磷的截留量通常要少得多。在土壤较深和/或区域地下水补给量较大的地区（如皮埃蒙特部分地区以及山谷和山脊地区），RFBS对水质的改善作用可能要小得多。针对切萨皮克湾流域九个自然地理省份中的每一个，都确定了RFBS预期的污染物控制水平。还讨论了与建立、可持续性和管理相关的问题。关键词：河岸森林缓冲带；切萨皮克湾；非点源污染；氮；磷；沉积物
