Goedert J J
Viral Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, USA.
Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1997 Jun;421:56-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1997.tb18321.x.
Because twins share an in utero environment and genetic relationships, similarities and differences between them can provide insight into the epidemiology and natural history of infectious agents, especially human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Three projects were summarized: HIV-1 transmission and AIDS-free survival in The International Registry of HIV-Exposed Twins; cloning and sequencing of HIV-1 proviral sequences in two sets of identical twins; and transmission and natural history of ovine lentivirus (OvLV) in twin lambs. Both HIV-1 and OvLV transmission were increased for first-born twins. With HIV-1, progression to AIDS appeared independent of zygosity. Development of pneumonitis with experimental OvLV infection was highly concordant in monozygotic lambs. Finally, the identical infected twins in one set had intermingling of each infant's HIV-1 quasispecies, whereas in the second set each twin had its own distinct cluster of quasispecies around a maternal sequence. The studies indicate that most transmission occurs during labor or delivery, and they suggest that immunogenetics may not affect susceptibility to different HIV-1 quasispecies but may affect the manifestations of specific opportunistic diseases.
由于双胞胎共享子宫内环境和遗传关系，他们之间的异同能为了解传染病尤其是1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）的流行病学和自然史提供线索。总结了三个项目：国际HIV暴露双胞胎登记处中的HIV-1传播和无艾滋病生存情况；两组同卵双胞胎中HIV-1前病毒序列的克隆和测序；以及双胞胎羔羊中绵羊慢病毒（OvLV）的传播和自然史。对于头胎双胞胎，HIV-1和OvLV的传播都有所增加。对于HIV-1，进展为艾滋病似乎与合子性无关。实验性OvLV感染导致的肺炎在单卵羔羊中高度一致。最后，一组中的同卵感染双胞胎其各自的HIV-1准种相互混合，而在另一组中，每个双胞胎在母本序列周围都有自己独特的准种簇。这些研究表明，大多数传播发生在分娩期间或分娩时，并且表明免疫遗传学可能不会影响对不同HIV-1准种的易感性，但可能会影响特定机会性疾病的表现。
