[Transmyocardial laser revascularization in patients with peripheral coronary atherosclerosis. Indications and preliminary results].

BACKGROUND

Surgical intervention for coronary artery disease (CAD) is determined by the viability of coronary artery branches. When peripheral coronary artery disease is present, conventional bypass grafting is not suitable. Research has recently been done on alternative methods such as transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR). TMLR works through the vascular connections that are present between the cardiac chambers and the myocardial muscle in the human heart. The creation of 1-mm transmural cardiotomies through a CO2 laser should improve myocardial perfusion.

METHODS

From February to June of 1996, twelve patients (9 males and 3 females with a mean age of 67.8 +/- 4.6) with CAD (mean n0 of diseased vessels 2.7), angina (mean CCS class 3.5 +/- 0.5), mean ejection fraction 47.8% and viable ischemic myocardium on scintiscan in segments without graftable coronary branches, underwent TMLR at our institute. Nine of the 12 patients also underwent associated CABG (mean number of anastomoses per patient: 2.5). Cardiopulmonary bypass was never used, since coronary anastomoses and laser cardiotomies were performed on the beating heart.

RESULTS

Perioperative mortality was 2/12 (16.6%). Postoperative inotropic support and diuretic therapy was required in most cases. At a mean follow-up period of 4.2 months, all remaining patients are still alive: 5/10 are angina-free (CCS 0), 4/10 are in CCS class 1 and 1/10 is in CCS class 2 (mean 0.6 +/- 0.7).

CONCLUSIONS

We believe that TMLR could be considered an effective mean to treat symptomatic myocardial ischemic disease in which coronary bypass grafting is not suitable. During the immediate postoperative period, contractile myocardial dysfunction occurs in a high percentage of patients treated using TMLR and consequently it would be worthwhile to invest in further research.