Bento M J, Barros H
Serviço de Epidemiologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia, Porto.
Acta Med Port. 1997 Jan;10(1):39-45.
Bladder cancer is a useful model for the study of the relationship between lifestyle, occupation and cancer. In the present hospital based case-control study, performed in the north of Portugal, we evaluated the role of occupational exposure and the effect of different lifestyles as risk factors for bladder cancer. We inquired 98 incident cases of bladder cancer (70 men, 28 women) and 202 hospital controls (100 men, 102 women), selected based on the absence of cancer, urinary or lung diseases, and admitted for orthopedic or acute abdominal surgery. Demographic, and socio-economical variables were recorded. A detailed job history was obtained, and exposure to smoking, alcohol and coffee were assessed. Never married subjects and those with higher school degrees presented lower risk of bladder cancer. Smoking was significantly associated with cancer both in men (OR=2.7) and women (OR=5.7). Alcohol, in contrast, had a protective effect, even after adjusting for different confounders. In women, coffee and alcohol had a significant multiplicative effect. No particular industrial sector was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer. However, those exposed to any of the substances usually considered as risk factors for bladder cancer presented higher risks (OR=1.7, 95% confidence intervals: 0.9-3.0). This study showed that lifestyles have an important role in the causality of bladder cancer, and that occupational exposure probably has less impact in the occurrence of the disease in the general population.
膀胱癌是研究生活方式、职业与癌症之间关系的一个有用模型。在葡萄牙北部进行的一项基于医院的病例对照研究中，我们评估了职业暴露的作用以及不同生活方式作为膀胱癌风险因素的影响。我们询问了98例膀胱癌新发病例（70名男性，28名女性）和202名医院对照者（100名男性，102名女性），这些对照者是根据无癌症、泌尿系统或肺部疾病且因骨科或急性腹部手术入院而选取的。记录了人口统计学和社会经济变量。获取了详细的工作史，并评估了吸烟、饮酒和喝咖啡的情况。从未结婚的人和具有高中学历的人患膀胱癌的风险较低。吸烟在男性（OR = 2.7）和女性（OR = 5.7）中均与癌症显著相关。相比之下，即使在对不同混杂因素进行调整后，饮酒仍具有保护作用。在女性中，咖啡和酒精具有显著的相乘效应。没有特定的工业部门与膀胱癌风险增加相关。然而，那些接触通常被视为膀胱癌风险因素的任何一种物质的人呈现出更高的风险（OR = 1.7，95%置信区间：0.9 - 3.0）。这项研究表明，生活方式在膀胱癌的病因中起着重要作用，并且职业暴露在一般人群中该疾病的发生中可能影响较小。
