Cloitre M, Scarvalone P, Difede J A
Department of Psychiatry, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York 10021, USA.
J Trauma Stress. 1997 Jul;10(3):437-52. doi: 10.1023/a:1024893305226.
This study assessed self and interpersonal dysfunction as well as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among three groups of women: women sexually assaulted in both childhood and adulthood, women sexually assaulted only in adulthood and women who were never assaulted. Rates of PTSD were high and equivalent in the two assault groups. However, retraumatized women were more likely to be alexithymic, show dissociation scores indicating risk for dissociative disorders, and to have attempted suicide compared to the other two groups, who did not differ from each other. Additionally, only the retraumatized women experienced clinically significant levels of interpersonal problems. The findings suggest that formulations more inclusive than PTSD are required to capture the psychological difficulties experienced by this population. Treatment implications are discussed.
本研究评估了三组女性的自我和人际功能障碍以及创伤后应激障碍(PTSD):童年期和成年期均遭受性侵犯的女性、仅在成年期遭受性侵犯的女性以及从未遭受过性侵犯的女性。PTSD的发生率在两个受侵犯组中都很高且相当。然而,与另外两组彼此无差异的女性相比,再次受创伤的女性更有可能患述情障碍,解离分数表明有患解离性障碍的风险,并且有自杀企图。此外,只有再次受创伤的女性经历了临床上显著的人际问题水平。研究结果表明,需要比PTSD更具包容性的表述来描述这一人群所经历的心理困难。文中讨论了治疗意义。