Sakata H, Taira M, Kusunoki M, Murata A, Tanaka Y
Dept of Physiology, Nihon University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Trends Neurosci. 1997 Aug;20(8):350-7. doi: 10.1016/s0166-2236(97)01067-9.
Recent neurophysiological studies in alert monkeys have revealed that the parietal association cortex plays a crucial role in depth perception and visually guided hand movement. The following five classes of parietal neurons covering various aspects of these functions have been identified: (1) depth-selective visual-fixation (VF) neurons of the inferior parietal lobule (IPL), representing egocentric distance; (2) depth-movement sensitive (DMS) neurons of V5A and the ventral intraparietal (VIP) area representing direction of linear movement in 3-D space; (3) depth-rotation-sensitive (RS) neurons of V5A and the posterior parietal (PP) area representing direction of rotary movement in space; (4) visually responsive manipulation-related neurons (visual-dominant or visual-and-motor type) of the anterior intraparietal (AIP) area, representing 3-D shape or orientation (or both) of objects for manipulation; and (5) axis-orientation-selective (AOS) and surface-orientation-selective (SOS) neurons in the caudal intraparietal sulcus (cIPS) sensitive to binocular disparity and representing the 3-D orientation of the longitudinal axes and flat surfaces, respectively. Some AOS and SOS neurons are selective in both orientation and shape. Thus the dorsal visual pathway is divided into at least two subsystems, V5A, PP and VIP areas for motion vision and V6, LIP and cIPS areas for coding position and 3-D features. The cIPS sends the signals of 3-D features of objects to the AIP area, which is reciprocally connected to the ventral premotor (F5) area and plays an essential role in matching hand orientation and shaping with 3-D objects for manipulation.
近期对清醒猴子进行的神经生理学研究表明，顶叶联合皮层在深度感知和视觉引导的手部运动中起着关键作用。现已识别出以下五类顶叶神经元，它们涵盖了这些功能的各个方面：(1) 顶下小叶（IPL）的深度选择性视觉注视（VF）神经元，代表自我中心距离；(2) V5A和腹侧顶内（VIP）区域的深度运动敏感（DMS）神经元，代表三维空间中直线运动的方向；(3) V5A和后顶叶（PP）区域的深度旋转敏感（RS）神经元，代表空间中旋转运动的方向；(4) 顶内前区（AIP）的视觉反应性操作相关神经元（视觉主导型或视觉与运动型），代表用于操作的物体的三维形状或方向（或两者）；以及(5) 尾侧顶内沟（cIPS）中的轴取向选择性（AOS）和表面取向选择性（SOS）神经元，对双眼视差敏感，分别代表纵轴和平表面的三维取向。一些AOS和SOS神经元在取向和形状上都具有选择性。因此，背侧视觉通路至少分为两个子系统，V5A、PP和VIP区域用于运动视觉，V6、LIP和cIPS区域用于编码位置和三维特征。cIPS将物体的三维特征信号发送到AIP区域，AIP区域与腹侧运动前区（F5）相互连接，在使手部取向和形状与用于操作的三维物体相匹配方面起着至关重要的作用。
