Sazawal S, Black R E, Bhan M K, Jalla S, Sinha A, Bhandari N
Indian Council on Medical Research Advanced Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Aug;66(2):413-8. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/66.2.413.
A community-based, double-blind, randomized trial was conducted in a population of low socioeconomic status in urban India to determine whether daily zinc supplementation reduces the incidence and prevalence of acute diarrhea, especially in those with zinc deficiency. Children 6-35 mo of age were randomly assigned to zinc (n = 286) and control (n = 293) groups and received a supplement daily for 6 mo. Zinc gluconate (10 mg elemental Zn) was given, with both zinc and control groups also receiving multivitamins. The primary outcome measures determined by home visits every fifth day and physician examinations were the number of acute diarrheal episodes (incidence) and total diarrheal days (prevalence). Zinc supplementation had no effect in children 6-11 mo old. In children aged > 11 mo there was significantly less diarrhea in the zinc group. In boys > 11 mo old, supplementation resulted in a 26% (95% CI: 13%, 38%) lower diarrheal incidence and a 35% (95% CI: 20%, 50%) lower prevalence. In zinc-supplemented girls > 11 mo of age, the incidence was 17% (95% CI: 2%, 30%) lower and the prevalence was 19% (95% CI: 4%, 47%) lower. Overall, zinc supplementation resulted in a 17% (95% CI: 1%, 30%) lower diarrheal incidence in children with plasma zinc concentrations < 9.18 mumol/L at enrollment and a 33% (95% CI: 6%, 52%) lower incidence in children with concentrations < 50 mumol/L. In conclusion, zinc supplementation had a significant effect on acute diarrheal morbidity in children > 11 mo old and in children with low plasma zinc concentrations.
在印度城市社会经济地位较低的人群中开展了一项基于社区的双盲随机试验，以确定每日补充锌是否能降低急性腹泻的发病率和患病率，尤其是在缺锌人群中。6至35个月大的儿童被随机分为锌补充组（n = 286）和对照组（n = 293），并接受为期6个月的每日补充剂。给予葡萄糖酸锌（10毫克元素锌），锌补充组和对照组均同时接受多种维生素。通过每五天一次的家访和医生检查确定的主要结局指标为急性腹泻发作次数（发病率）和腹泻总天数（患病率）。补充锌对6至11个月大的儿童没有效果。在11个月以上的儿童中，锌补充组的腹泻明显较少。在11个月以上的男孩中，补充锌使腹泻发病率降低了26%（95%CI：13%，38%），患病率降低了35%（95%CI：20%，50%）。在11个月以上补充锌的女孩中，发病率降低了17%（95%CI：2%，30%），患病率降低了19%（95%CI：4%，47%）。总体而言，补充锌使入组时血浆锌浓度<9.18微摩尔/升的儿童腹泻发病率降低了17%（95%CI：1%，30%），使浓度<50微摩尔/升的儿童发病率降低了33%（95%CI：6%，52%）。总之，补充锌对11个月以上的儿童以及血浆锌浓度低的儿童的急性腹泻发病率有显著影响。
