Baboon syndrome.

An 18-month-old patient developed Baboon syndrome after oral treatment with erythromycin syrup for a sore throat. The lymphoblastic transformation test was positive for erythromycin. Prick tests were negative although the intradermal test was positive at a concentration of erythromycin of 1:10,000. The biopsy showed a perivascular lymphocytic dermatitis. Local treatment with a potent corticoid improved the lesions after 3 days. The Baboon syndrome is uncommon among children. It has a pattern similar to systemic contact dermatitis with particular features (erythema in flexural areas). In our case, the role of erythromycin was documented. However, this antibiotic remains a relatively rare allergen.