Effects of a tilted visual background on human sensory-motor coordination.

The present study investigated the effects of a tilted visual background on perceived hand orientation, and on the execution of aimed arm movements. Subjects were seated in a room tilted about their mid-sagittal axis to the left or right. They were asked to indicate the gravitational vertical or the body midline by rotating their supported or free, unseen hand about the longitudinal forearm axis. They were further asked to draw vertical lines with their unseen arm, and to point with the hand at visual targets. Our results indicate that if the hand is stationary, tilted environments induce an illusory hand and body tilt in the opposite direction; the effects on the hand is substantially smaller than that on the body. We found no evidence for illusory hand tilt with line drawing, and pointing movements were not noticeably modified by background tilt. We concluded that the latter two tasks provide dynamic cues about hand orientation, which remain veridical in tilted environments, and can be utilized for fast corrections of motor commands.