战争对儿童心理健康的影响：一项萨尔瓦多研究。

The impact of war on the mental health of children: a Salvadoran study.

作者信息

Walton J R, Nuttall R L, Nuttall E V

机构信息

Department of Counseling, Rehabilitation, and Special Education, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.

出版信息

Child Abuse Negl. 1997 Aug;21(8):737-49. doi: 10.1016/s0145-2134(97)00035-5.

DOI:10.1016/s0145-2134(97)00035-5

PMID:9280379

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

This ecologically conceptualized, intensive study assesses the mental health impact of the Salvadoran Civil War on 54 12-year-olds, born into the war, exposed to different levels of war violence.

METHODS

Half of the students came from a repopulated country village and half from an industrial neighborhood near the capital city. Children, their mothers or caretakers, and their teachers responded to interviews and some instruments.

RESULTS

Children from the repopulated village reported higher war experience and lower mental health. The personal/social impact of the war was more important than family togetherness or war intensity in determining the mental health of the children. Children's intelligence was highly related to surviving with higher mental health. Higher socioeconomic status (SES) and education of parents was related to better mental health. Controlling for intelligence, children who experienced the highest personal-social impact of war showed the poorest mental health. Children with high war experience were most likely to have difficulty in imagining the future.

CONCLUSIONS

Intelligence and the foreshortening of future vision are variables that should be controlled for and investigated in outcome studies of trauma. Treatment for survivors should include aid in planning for the future.

摘要

目的

这项基于生态学概念的深入研究评估了萨尔瓦多内战对54名战争期间出生、遭受不同程度战争暴力的12岁儿童心理健康的影响。

方法

一半学生来自一个重新有人居住的乡村，另一半来自首都附近的一个工业社区。儿童、他们的母亲或监护人以及他们的老师接受了访谈并填写了一些问卷。

结果

来自重新有人居住乡村的儿童报告了更高的战争经历和更低的心理健康水平。在决定儿童心理健康方面，战争的个人/社会影响比家庭团聚或战争强度更为重要。儿童的智力与较高心理健康水平下的生存高度相关。较高的社会经济地位（SES）和父母的教育程度与更好的心理健康相关。在控制智力因素后，经历战争个人-社会影响最大的儿童心理健康状况最差。战争经历丰富的儿童最有可能在想象未来方面存在困难。