Schoppmeyer K, Keim V, Mössner J
Medizinische Klinik II, Universität Leipzig.
Z Gastroenterol. 1997 Jun;35(6):491-509.
The p53 gene is a tumor suppressor gene. The encoded p53 protein directly induces the expression of genes that are involved in cell cycle regulation. p53 was named "guardian of the genome" for its prevention of an otherwise fatal outcome under DNA damaging conditions. Under these conditions p53 inhibits cell cycle progression or induces apoptosis. The p53 protein has been structurally and functionally divided into four domains, two of which are of crucial importance: The sequence specific DNA-binding domain and the aminoterminal transactivation domain. They are both required to trigger the downstream processes following p53 expression. Mutations and inactivation of p53 by oncogenes are frequent events in the development of human neoplasia. That includes gastrointestinal tumors with their mutational spectra reflecting tissue-specific influences of endogenous and exogenous factors in carcinogenesis. Despite considerable progress in molecular biology, clinical applicability of p53 in both diagnostic and therapeutic strategies has not yet been validated.
p53基因是一种肿瘤抑制基因。编码的p53蛋白直接诱导参与细胞周期调控的基因表达。p53因其在DNA损伤条件下预防原本致命的结果而被称为“基因组守护者”。在这些条件下，p53抑制细胞周期进程或诱导细胞凋亡。p53蛋白在结构和功能上被分为四个结构域，其中两个至关重要：序列特异性DNA结合结构域和氨基末端反式激活结构域。它们都是触发p53表达后下游过程所必需的。在人类肿瘤发生过程中，癌基因导致p53突变和失活是常见事件。这包括胃肠道肿瘤，其突变谱反映了致癌过程中内源性和外源性因素的组织特异性影响。尽管分子生物学取得了相当大的进展，但p53在诊断和治疗策略中的临床适用性尚未得到验证。
