Increased spontaneous formation of micronuclei in cultured fibroblasts of first-degree relatives of familial melanoma patients.

The phenomenon of spontaneous increased micronuclei and enhanced UV-sensitivity, which is known for familial cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) patients, could be demonstrated again in fibroblasts of 17 familial CMM patients. In order to determine if close relatives of familial CMM patients show both a comparable spontaneous chromosomal instability and enhanced UV-sensitivity, cultured fibroblasts of 24 healthy, first-degree relatives of patients with familial malignant melanoma were investigated. The cytokinesis-block micronucleous technique was used to detect enhanced chromosomal instability. Fibroblasts of the investigated relatives showed a significantly increased spontaneous formation of micronuclei, in comparison to 19 healthy controls, but no enhanced UV-sensitivity was evident. We conclude that chromosomal instability might be a hereditary trait and a causative factor in developing familial malignant melanoma. This supports the concept of a genetic predisposition to familial CMM and may help to identify high-risk family members at a cytogenetic level in addition to the common clinicopathological traits.