Altisent R, Córdoba R, Delgado M T, Pico M V, Melús E, Aranguren F, Alvira U, Barberá C, Morán J, Reixa S
Centro de Salud Actur Sur. Zaragoza.
Med Clin (Barc). 1997 Jun 21;109(4):121-4.
The aim of this study was to analyse and to verify the efficacy of systematic advice for alcoholism prevention, assessing the reduction of the number in risk drinkers.
A multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial was designed, to perform in general practitioner setting, on a sample of risk drinkers (alcohol intake > 280 g weekly, without dependence) sent by random in intervention group (systematic brief advice with support material and a five visit program during a year) and control group (once brief advice and a control in 1 year). The procedure to incorporate in both groups included physical exam, a blood test and the MALT questionnaire. A descriptive and analytic study on included variables was realised, assessing the percentage of drinkers who reduced alcohol intake below risk limit at the end of a year follow up, as well as the reduction intake in each group.
Of the 139 included males, 75 were in the intervention group and 64 in the control group. The percentage of patients not excluded by MALT > 10, and/or liver disease, that finished the 1 year follow up, was 46%, being the sample average age of 43 +/- 11.8. Patients included in both groups were initially comparable. At the end of a year follow up there were statistically significant differences in: percentage of risk drinkers who decreased alcohol intake below 280 g weekly (82% intervention group; 47% control group); percentage of reduction in GPT, GGT, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure and the MALT questionnaire.
The efficacy of isolated advice of general practitioner was proved to achieve the alcohol intake reduction below the risk limit accepted in male risk drinkers without alcohol dependence. The systematic follow up during a year significantly improves the results achieved with the isolated advice.
本研究旨在分析并验证预防酗酒的系统性建议的效果，评估风险饮酒者数量的减少情况。
设计了一项多中心随机对照临床试验，在全科医生环境中进行，对随机分配至干预组（提供支持材料的系统性简短建议以及一年内五次随访计划）和对照组（一次简短建议及一年后复查）的风险饮酒者样本（每周酒精摄入量>280克，无酒精依赖）进行研究。两组纳入程序均包括体格检查、血液检测和MALT问卷。对纳入变量进行了描述性和分析性研究，评估在一年随访结束时将酒精摄入量降至风险限值以下的饮酒者百分比，以及每组的摄入量减少情况。
纳入的139名男性中，75名在干预组，64名在对照组。未被MALT>10和/或肝病排除且完成一年随访的患者百分比为46%，样本平均年龄为43±11.8岁。两组纳入的患者最初具有可比性。在一年随访结束时，在以下方面存在统计学显著差异：每周酒精摄入量降至280克以下的风险饮酒者百分比（干预组为82%；对照组为47%）；谷丙转氨酶、谷氨酰转肽酶、甘油三酯、收缩压和MALT问卷的降低百分比。
已证明全科医生单独提供的建议能有效使无酒精依赖的男性风险饮酒者的酒精摄入量降至可接受的风险限值以下。一年的系统性随访显著改善了单独提供建议所取得的结果。
