Sargent J R
NERC Unit of Aquatic Biochemistry, Department of Biological and Molecular Sciences, University of Stirling.
Br J Nutr. 1997 Jul;78 Suppl 1:S5-13. doi: 10.1079/bjn19970131.
Trends in global fish catches are described together with fish landings and fish consumption in the UK. The importance of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as essential constituents of human diets is considered and the role of oily fish as a dietary source of the long-chain n-3 polyunsaturates, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, is emphasized. The origin of n-3 polyunsaturates in, the marine phytoplankton and their transmission via zooplankton to fish is described as a means of understanding the composition of different fish body oils. The ease with which the fatty acid composition of fish body oils can be manipulated by altering the fatty acid composition of their feeds is emphasized and the dietary requirements of marine and freshwater fish for n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturates considered. Farming fish on diets containing principally fish meal and fish oil, as used in salmon production in Scotland, generates a high quality product with levels of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturates equalling or exceeding those of wild fish. Farming fish on high quality marine oils rich in docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids is an efficient means of delivering these essential nutrients in human diets and also efficiently exploiting a strictly limited marine bioresource.
文中描述了全球鱼类捕捞趋势，以及英国的鱼类上岸量和鱼类消费量。探讨了n-6和n-3多不饱和脂肪酸作为人类饮食必需成分的重要性，并强调了油性鱼类作为长链n-3多不饱和脂肪酸、二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸膳食来源的作用。描述了海洋浮游植物中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的来源及其通过浮游动物向鱼类的传递，以此作为理解不同鱼类体油成分的一种方式。强调了通过改变鱼类饲料的脂肪酸组成来控制鱼类体油脂肪酸组成的便利性，并考虑了海洋和淡水鱼类对n-3和n-6多不饱和脂肪酸的膳食需求。在苏格兰的鲑鱼养殖中，使用主要含有鱼粉和鱼油的饲料来养殖鱼类，可生产出高质量的产品，其长链n-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量等于或超过野生鱼类。使用富含二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸的优质海洋油来养殖鱼类，是在人类饮食中提供这些必需营养素的有效方式，同时也能有效利用严格受限的海洋生物资源。
