Jacob K S, Bhugra D, Mann A H
Section of Epidemiology and General Practice, Institute of Psychiatry, London.
Psychol Med. 1997 Sep;27(5):1215-7. doi: 10.1017/s0033291796004436.
The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) has been validated in different languages and cultures and in diverse settings. However, the validity of the 12-item version, increasingly used for screening for psychiatric morbidity in primary care, has not been established among ethnic Indians living in the United Kingdom.
The GHQ-12 was used to screen for psychiatric morbidity in a study of patterns of consultation and explanatory models of mental illness in a general practice in West London. All individuals who scored 2 or more and an equal number of individuals who scored 0 or 1 were interviewed using the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R) to confirm psychiatric morbidity. Hindi versions of the both these instruments were also employed. Thresholds of GHQ were compared against the standard of the CIS-R using the recommended threshold of 12 and above as indicating caseness. A receiver operator characteristic curve was drawn to obtain the best threshold value for screening.
The optimal threshold for screening as assessed by receiver operator characteristic analysis was 2/3. This threshold had a sensitivity of 96.7% and a specificity of 90%.
The sensitivity and specificity of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire among women of ethnic Indian origin living in the United Kingdom is high. It can be employed as a screening instrument to identify individuals with psychiatric morbidity in this population.
一般健康问卷（GHQ）已在不同语言、文化及多样环境中得到验证。然而，在英国的印度裔人群中，尚未确定越来越多地用于基层医疗中精神疾病筛查的12项版本的有效性。
在一项针对伦敦西部一家普通诊所的咨询模式和精神疾病解释模型的研究中，使用GHQ - 12进行精神疾病筛查。所有得分2分及以上的个体以及同等数量得分0或1分的个体均使用修订后的临床访谈量表（CIS - R）进行访谈，以确认精神疾病。这两种工具也都采用了印地语版本。将GHQ的阈值与CIS - R的标准进行比较，使用推荐的阈值12及以上表示患病情况。绘制受试者工作特征曲线以获得最佳筛查阈值。
通过受试者工作特征分析评估的最佳筛查阈值为2/3。该阈值的灵敏度为96.7%，特异度为90%。
在居住在英国的印度裔女性中，12项一般健康问卷的灵敏度和特异度较高。它可作为一种筛查工具，用于识别该人群中患有精神疾病的个体。
