Taberlet P, Camarra J J, Griffin S, Uhrès E, Hanotte O, Waits L P, Dubois-Paganon C, Burke T, Bouvet J
Laboratoire de Biologie des Populations d'Altitude, CNRS UMR 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France.
Mol Ecol. 1997 Sep;6(9):869-76.
Pyrenean brown bears Ursus arctos are threatened with extinction. Management efforts to preserve this population require a comprehensive knowledge of the number and sex of the remaining individuals and their respective home ranges. This goal has been achieved using a combination of noninvasive genetic sampling of hair and faeces collected in the field and corresponding track size data. Genotypic data were collected at 24 microsatellite loci using a rigorous multiple-tubes approach to avoid genotyping errors associated with low quantities of DNA. Based on field and genetic data, the Pyrenean population was shown to be composed at least of one yearling, three adult males, and one adult female. These data indicate that extinction of the Pyrenean brown bear population is imminent without population augmentation. To preserve the remaining Pyrenean gene pool and increase genetic diversity, we suggest that managers consider population augmentation using only females. This study demonstrates that comprehensive knowledge of endangered small populations of mammals can be obtained using noninvasive genetic sampling.
比利牛斯棕熊（ Ursus arctos）面临灭绝的威胁。保护这一物种的管理工作需要全面了解剩余个体的数量、性别以及它们各自的活动范围。通过结合对在野外收集的毛发和粪便进行非侵入性基因采样以及相应的足迹大小数据，这一目标得以实现。使用严格的多管方法在24个微卫星位点收集基因型数据，以避免与低量DNA相关的基因分型错误。基于野外和基因数据，比利牛斯棕熊种群至少由一只一岁幼熊、三只成年雄性和一只成年雌性组成。这些数据表明，如果不增加种群数量，比利牛斯棕熊种群即将灭绝。为了保护剩余的比利牛斯棕熊基因库并增加遗传多样性，我们建议管理者考虑仅使用雌性进行种群增加。这项研究表明，使用非侵入性基因采样可以获得濒危小型哺乳动物种群的全面信息。
