Reiter W D, Chapple C, Somerville C R
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269, USA.
Plant J. 1997 Aug;12(2):335-45. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1997.12020335.x.
To analyze the synthesis, structure and function of the plant cell wall by a genetic approach, 5200 chemically mutagenized Arabidopsis plants were screened for changes in the monosaccharide composition of hydrolyzed cell wall material by gas chromatography of alditol acetates This screening procedure identified 23 mutant lines representing 11 different loci designated mur1 to mur11. The mur lines fall into essentially three groups: (1) complete absence of a monosaccharide, (2) significant reduction in the amount of a single monosaccharide, and (3) complex alterations in the relative amounts of several monosaccharides. All mutants in the first category represent alleles of the mur1 locus, and are deficient in the de novo synthesis of fucose. Mutants with reductions in a single monosaccharide have been identified for fucose (mur2, mur3), arabinose (mur4, mur5, mur6, mur7), and rhamnose (mur8). Mutants with complex changes in monosaccharide composition are represented by the mur9, mur10 and mur11 loci. Most of the mutant lines did not show obvious morphological or physiological alterations; however, lines mur1, mur9 and mur10 co-segregated with reduced vigor or dwarfism of the plants. These results demonstrate the feasibility of identifying plants with altered cell wall compositions via a biochemical screening procedure. The availability of these mutants provides novel opportunities to study the functions of cell wall polysaccharides, gain insight into the biosynthesis of cell wall material, and clone cell wall-related genes.
为了通过遗传学方法分析植物细胞壁的合成、结构和功能，利用糖醇乙酸酯气相色谱法对5200株经化学诱变的拟南芥植株进行筛选，以检测水解细胞壁物质中单糖组成的变化。该筛选程序鉴定出23个突变株系，代表11个不同的位点，命名为mur1至mur11。mur株系基本分为三组：（1）一种单糖完全缺失；（2）一种单糖的量显著减少；（3）几种单糖的相对量发生复杂改变。第一类中的所有突变体均代表mur1位点的等位基因，缺乏岩藻糖的从头合成。已鉴定出单糖减少的突变体，涉及岩藻糖（mur2、mur3）、阿拉伯糖（mur4、mur5、mur6、mur7）和鼠李糖（mur8）。单糖组成发生复杂变化的突变体由mur9、mur10和mur11位点代表。大多数突变株系未表现出明显的形态或生理改变；然而，mur1、mur9和mur10株系与植株活力降低或矮化共分离。这些结果证明了通过生化筛选程序鉴定细胞壁组成改变的植物的可行性。这些突变体的获得为研究细胞壁多糖的功能、深入了解细胞壁物质的生物合成以及克隆细胞壁相关基因提供了新的机会。
