Kendal A P, Snyder R, Garrison P J
National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Vaccine. 1997 Aug-Sep;15(12-13):1459-65. doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(97)00060-1.
To enhance quality assurance of vaccine distribution by public health programs in the US, various methods for packing vaccines were validated. Validation involved both tests in an environmental chamber and actual shipping of packages by commercial overnight delivery service. Dry ice was used with vaccines needing to be kept at temperatures lower than -14 degrees C, and water-based cold packs with other vaccines. The latter could be used in two ways. When frozen, and placed over two or three faces of well-insulated boxes, assortments of vaccines were kept cold but not frozen for 2 days or more. However, packages with -15 degrees C cold packs may reach < 0 degree C. When cold packs at refrigerator temperature cover four to six faces of well insulated boxes, vaccine freezing in winter conditions or warming in temperate conditions was slowed considerably. These approaches, which require materials costing less than approximately 1% of the cost of the vaccines they protect, provide examples of packaging suitable for overnight delivery of vaccines in the US in different seasons.
为提高美国公共卫生项目疫苗分发的质量保证，对多种疫苗包装方法进行了验证。验证包括在环境试验箱中的测试以及通过商业隔夜快递服务实际运送包裹。对于需要保存在低于-14摄氏度温度下的疫苗使用干冰，对于其他疫苗使用水基冷敷袋。后者有两种使用方式。当冷冻后放置在隔热良好的盒子的两三个面上时，各类疫苗能保持冷藏但不结冰达两天或更长时间。然而，装有-15摄氏度冷敷袋的包裹温度可能会降至0摄氏度以下。当冰箱温度的冷敷袋覆盖隔热良好的盒子的四到六个面时，在冬季条件下疫苗结冰或在温带条件下升温的速度会大幅减缓。这些方法所需材料成本不到它们所保护疫苗成本的约1%，为美国不同季节适合隔夜运送疫苗的包装提供了范例。
