Observations on social organization and behaviour of African and Asiatic wild asses (Equus africanus and E. hemionus).

The social organization of Equss africanus (African Wild Ass) was observed during the breeding season, that of E. hemionus (Asiatic Wild Ass) for a very brief period outside the breeding season. Territoriality could be observed in both species and the systems were found to be basically identical to that of Grevy's zebra. Territories are very large, measuring on the order of 200 km2 in E. africanus and probably even more in E. hemionus. Members of both species live in unstable groups of variable composition, and there was no indication of permanent bonds between any adult individuals.