Goodlett C R, Peterson S D, Lundahl K R, Pearlman A D
Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis 46202-3275, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1997 Sep;21(6):1010-7.
Binge-like alcohol exposure in neonatal rats on postnatal days 4 to 9 via artificial rearing results in a well-documented transient astrogliosis in the cerebral cortex. A recent study, which replicated the astrogliosis using artificial rearing, found that alcohol administered via daily exposure cycles in a vapor inhalation chamber on postnatal days 4 to 9 failed to elicit the effect, thus suggesting that the gliosis was an interactive effect of the artificial rearing administration and not specific to alcohol. The present study evaluated the effects in an intragastric intubation model that replicated the dosing parameters of the artificial rearing while avoiding the stress of surgery and extended maternal separation. In coronal frozen sections through parietal cortex labeled immunohistochemically for glial fibrillary acidic protein, the pups exposed to alcohol by intubation had a significantly greater density of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes per unit volume, compared with littermate controls intubated with a maltose-dextrin formula; alcohol also induced fibrillary hypertrophy of the labeled astrocytes. In the cerebellum, alcohol induced a significant reduction in Purkinje cell number as determined using the optical disector method. These outcomes extend previous findings that neonatal binge alcohol exposure induces acute cortical astrogliosis and Purkinje cell loss, and confirm that the alcohol-induced astrogliosis is not an artifact of artificial rearing.
在出生后第4至9天，通过人工饲养让新生大鼠大量接触酒精，会导致大脑皮层出现有充分记录的短暂星形胶质细胞增生。最近一项研究采用人工饲养复制了星形胶质细胞增生现象，发现于出生后第4至9天在蒸汽吸入箱中通过每日暴露周期给予酒精并未引发该效应，因此表明这种胶质细胞增生是人工饲养给药的一种交互作用，并非酒精所特有。本研究在一种胃内插管模型中评估了相关效应，该模型复制了人工饲养的给药参数，同时避免了手术应激和长时间的母婴分离。在通过免疫组织化学标记胶质纤维酸性蛋白的顶叶皮质冠状冷冻切片中，与用麦芽糖糊精配方进行插管的同窝对照相比，经插管接触酒精的幼崽每单位体积中胶质纤维酸性蛋白阳性星形胶质细胞的密度显著更高；酒精还诱导了标记星形胶质细胞的纤维性肥大。在小脑中，使用光学分割法测定发现酒精导致浦肯野细胞数量显著减少。这些结果扩展了先前的研究发现，即新生大鼠大量接触酒精会诱导急性皮质星形胶质细胞增生和浦肯野细胞丢失，并证实酒精诱导的星形胶质细胞增生并非人工饲养的假象。
