Metter E J, Conwit R, Tobin J, Fozard J L
National Institute on Aging, Gerontology Research Center, Baltimore, USA.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1997 Sep;52(5):B267-76. doi: 10.1093/gerona/52a.5.b267.
Cross-sectional and longitudinal age-associated reductions in power and isometric strength are described for the upper extremities. Over a 25-year period, repeated measures were taken approximately every 2 years from men and women in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). The longitudinal measures covered an average 9.6 years, range 1-25 years for men and an average 4.6 years, range 1-8 years for women. Strength and power declined beginning by age 40 in both women and men. Thereafter, power declined about 10% more than strength in men, while no significant differences were found in women. Age had a statistically independent influence on strength and power measures after adjusting for gender, height, weight, caloric expenditure, and muscle mass. Twenty-five-year longitudinal analyses in men confirmed the declines observed cross-sectionally, while no changes were observed in women over the 4-5 years of longitudinal data available. Further longitudinal studies are needed to understand the relationships between strength and power losses with age in women. The differences between power and strength changes with age in men argue for the importance of factors other than strength affecting power.
上肢力量和等长肌力的横断面和纵向年龄相关下降情况已被描述。在25年期间，对巴尔的摩纵向衰老研究（BLSA）中的男性和女性大约每2年进行一次重复测量。纵向测量的时间男性平均为9.6年，范围为1至25年；女性平均为4.6年，范围为1至8年。男性和女性在40岁时力量和功率开始下降。此后，男性的功率下降比力量多约10%，而女性未发现显著差异。在调整了性别、身高、体重、热量消耗和肌肉质量后，年龄对力量和功率测量有统计学上的独立影响。对男性进行的25年纵向分析证实了横断面观察到的下降情况，而在现有4至5年的纵向数据中，女性未观察到变化。需要进一步的纵向研究来了解女性力量和功率损失与年龄之间的关系。男性功率和力量随年龄变化的差异表明，除了力量之外，还有其他因素影响功率。
