Burger J
Ecology and Evolution Graduate Program, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855-1059, USA.
J Toxicol Environ Health. 1997 Oct 24;52(3):269-84. doi: 10.1080/00984109708984064.
The Department of Energy and other federal facilities are reclaiming land through the process of remediation and restoration, and this land will eventually be turned over for future land uses that may involve recreation. Understanding the amount of recreation that is likely (and thus individual exposure) is an essential element in decisions about cleanup standards. In this article the number of days people engage in different recreational activities as a measure of potential exposure is examined. People attending a Mayfest celebration (n = 399) and the Palmetto Sportsmen's Classic (n = 285) in Columbia, SC, were interviewed regarding their recreational activities. In most cases reported in the literature, recreational activities are examined as the mean number of days people engage in each activity per year, but to determine risk it is essential to know the distribution of these activities. In descending order of frequency, people attending the Mayfest reported their activities as birdwatching, photographing, fishing, hiking, camping, and hunting. There were significant gender differences in the frequency of activities, with men spending more days in every activity except birdwatching and photography. There were ethnic differences in recreation, with whites engaging in higher levels of most recreational activities than blacks, but the percentage of black men who reported fishing more than 100 d per year was greater than for white men. Most people reported their participation in most activities less than 30 d per year; however, a higher percentage of people reported participating in photography, birdwatching, and fishing more than 30 d per year compared to the other activities. Further, individuals at the Sportsman's Classic reported far higher rates of hunting and fishing per year than the general public. These data can be used to examine potential exposure of recreationists on remediated and restored land. The data clearly indicate that over 25% of the people engage in at least one recreational activity over 20 d per year, and thus exceed the Department of Energy's 14-d recreation assumption in its future land use document.
美国能源部和其他联邦设施正在通过修复和恢复过程来开垦土地，这些土地最终将被移交用于未来可能涉及娱乐活动的土地用途。了解可能进行的娱乐活动量（以及由此产生的个人接触情况）是制定清理标准决策中的一个关键要素。在本文中，研究了人们参与不同娱乐活动的天数，以此作为潜在接触量的一种衡量方式。对参加南卡罗来纳州哥伦比亚市五月节庆祝活动（n = 399）和帕尔梅托猎人经典活动（n = 285）的人们就其娱乐活动进行了访谈。在文献报道的大多数情况下，娱乐活动是按照人们每年参与每项活动的平均天数来研究的，但要确定风险，了解这些活动的分布情况至关重要。按活动频率从高到低排序，参加五月节的人们报告的活动依次为观鸟、摄影、钓鱼、徒步旅行、露营和打猎。活动频率存在显著的性别差异，除了观鸟和摄影外，男性在每项活动上花费的天数都更多。娱乐活动存在种族差异，白人参与大多数娱乐活动的程度高于黑人，但报告每年钓鱼超过100天的黑人男性比例高于白人男性。大多数人报告他们每年参与大多数活动的天数少于30天；然而，与其他活动相比，报告每年参与摄影、观鸟和钓鱼超过30天的人所占比例更高。此外，参加猎人经典活动的个人报告的每年打猎和钓鱼率远高于普通公众。这些数据可用于研究在经过修复和恢复的土地上娱乐者的潜在接触情况。数据清楚地表明，超过25%的人每年参与至少一项娱乐活动超过20天，因此超过了美国能源部在其未来土地使用文件中设定的14天娱乐活动假设。
