Modulation of the buccal muscle contraction by identified serotonergic and peptidergic neurons in the snail Achatina fulica.

Serotonergic and peptidergic modulation of buccal muscle contraction at an identified neuromuscular synapse in the African giant snail Achatina fulica was examined. A pair of excitatory motoneurons of the radula protractor was identified in the buccal ganglia and these were named B10 neurons. Pharmacological experiments revealed the B10s to be cholinergic. The serotonergic cerebral neuron v-CDN enhanced B10-evoked contraction of the radula protractor, and it is suggested that this effect is mediated postsynaptically by serotonin released from the v-CDN terminals. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the B10 motoneurons contained an Achatina cardioexcitatory peptide-1 (ACEP-1)-like substance in their cell body, axon and terminals in the radula protractor. From electron microscopic observation, the ACEP-1-like immunoreactive substance was found to be localized in dense-cored vesicles but not in clear vesicles in the nerve terminals. ACEP-1 applied to the radula protractor markedly enhanced B10-evoked contraction of the muscle by increasing the amplitude of excitatory junction potentials (EJPs). The increase of EJP amplitude in the presence of the peptide was probably due to the increased release of acetylcholine from the terminals of B10. It is suggested that the cholinergic motoneuron B10 uses ACEP-1 as an excitatory cotransmitter.