Expression of the five somatostatin receptor (SSTR1-5) subtypes in rat pituitary somatotrophes: quantitative analysis by double-layer immunofluorescence confocal microscopy.

Using quantitative double-label fluorescence immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy, we have analysed the pattern of expression of SSTR1-5 in normal rat pituitary somatotrophes. Antipeptide rabbit polyclonal antibodies were produced against the extracellular domains of SSTR1-5. SSTR antigens were colocalized in GH positive cells using rhodamine conjugated secondary antibody for SSTRs and FITC-conjugated secondary antibody for GH. SSTR5 was the predominant subtype which was expressed in 86 +/- 9.7% of GH cells followed by SSTR2 in 42 +/- 6.4% of GH positive cells. SSTR4 and SSTR3 were modestly expressed in 23 +/- 4.7% and 18 +/- 3.2% of somatotrophes respectively whereas SSTR1 was the least expressed subtype occurring in only 5 +/- 1.2% of somatotrophes. These results demonstrate variable expression of the 5 SSTRs in somatotrophes. The preponderance of the SST-28 preferring SSTR5 subtype correlates with the reported higher potency of SST-28 than SST-14 for inhibiting GH secretion.