Reduced sensitivity of the renal circulation to angiotensin II in pregnant rats.

The renal circulation undergoes significant changes during pregnancy and pregnancy-induced hypertension. Although numerous studies indicate that the pressor response to angiotensin II (Ang II) is reduced during pregnancy, it is unclear as to whether this altered sensitivity to Ang II occurs in the renal circulation. The first aim of this study was to determine whether the renal vascular responsiveness to exogenous Ang II is altered in the midterm pregnant rat. All rats were pretreated with an intravenous infusion of the converting-enzyme inhibitor captopril (20 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) to block endogenous Ang II formation. Following a control period, Ang II was infused at a dose of 10 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1) for 50 minutes into the renal arteries via a suprarenal aortic catheter. In anesthetized virgin rats, Ang II markedly decreased renal plasma flow (RPF) by 39% (5.0+/-0.4 to 3.1+/-0.4 mL/min), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by 39% (1.9+/-0.1 to 1.16+/-0.2 mL/min), and urine flow by 47% (22.1+/-5.6 to 12.3+/-4.8 microL/min). In contrast, Ang II had no significant effect on RPF, GFR, and urine flow in the anesthetized pregnant rats. Since nitric oxide (NO) has been previously reported to modulate the renal vascular actions of Ang II in normal animals and NO synthesis is thought to be elevated in pregnancy, this study examined the role of NO in the attenuated renal response to Ang II. In pregnant rats pretreated with L-NAME, the arterial pressure was higher and RPF was lower than in the control pregnant rats. However, the renal response to Ang II in the L-NAME-pretreated pregnant rats was similar to control pregnant rats. These data indicate that the renal circulation has a reduced sensitivity to Ang II during pregnancy. We also found that NO synthesis inhibition does not alter the attenuated renal response to Ang II in the anesthetized pregnant rats.