Grewal S S, Shepherd J K, Bill D J, Fletcher A, Dourish C T
Department of Neuropharmacology, Wyeth Research Ltd, Maidenhead, Berks, UK.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1997 Sep;133(1):29-38. doi: 10.1007/s002130050367.
The behavioural element, stretched attend posture (SAP), is an important component of the "risk-assessment" repertoire of defensive behaviour in rodents. The present experimental paradigm was devised as a novel and simple method of eliciting high levels of SAP in mice and rats. The SAP test apparatus comprised an elevated black Perspex circular platform. A smaller clear red Perspex circular "Canopy" was supported directly above the platform by a central pillar, thus dividing the platform into an inner, dimly lit covered zone and an outer, brightly lit exposed zone. In both the rat and mouse version of this model, vehicle-treated animals exhibited a marked preference for exploring the covered zone and also exhibited high baseline levels of SAP, particularly at the covered zone boundary whilst they investigated the exposed zone. In the mouse SAP test, the benzodiazepine receptor agonists, diazepam (0.5 mg/kg s.c.) and chlordiazepoxide (2 mg/kg s.c.), and the 5-HT1A receptor agonists, buspirone (1 and 3 mg/kg s.c.), ipsapirone (3 mg/kg s.c.) and 8-OH-DPAT (0.2 mg/kg s.c.), all significantly decreased the frequency of SAP without impairing motor activity. In the rat SAP test, diazepam (0.5 mg/kg s.c.) significantly decreased, whilst the anxiogenic 5-HT2C/1B receptor agonist, mCPP (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg s.c.), significantly increased, the frequency of SAP. Ipsapirone (3 mg/kg s.c.) induced a non-specific behavioural inhibition. These data suggest that the "Canopy" SAP test is a useful paradigm to investigate risk assessment behaviour in both rats and mice, and may provide a sensitive novel rodent model of anxiety.
行为要素——伸展式警觉姿势（SAP）是啮齿动物防御行为“风险评估”行为库的一个重要组成部分。本实验范式被设计为一种在小鼠和大鼠中引发高水平SAP的新颖且简单的方法。SAP测试装置包括一个高架的黑色有机玻璃圆形平台。一个较小的透明红色有机玻璃圆形“顶篷”由一根中心支柱直接支撑在平台上方，从而将平台分为一个内部光线昏暗的覆盖区域和一个外部光线明亮的暴露区域。在该模型的大鼠和小鼠版本中，接受赋形剂处理的动物表现出明显偏好探索覆盖区域，并且还表现出较高的SAP基线水平，特别是在它们调查暴露区域时在覆盖区域边界处。在小鼠SAP测试中，苯二氮䓬受体激动剂地西泮（0.5毫克/千克皮下注射）和氯氮䓬（2毫克/千克皮下注射），以及5-HT1A受体激动剂丁螺环酮（1和3毫克/千克皮下注射）、伊沙匹隆（3毫克/千克皮下注射）和8-OH-DPAT（0.2毫克/千克皮下注射），均显著降低了SAP的频率，且未损害运动活性。在大鼠SAP测试中，地西泮（0.5毫克/千克皮下注射）显著降低了SAP频率，而致焦虑的5-HT2C/1B受体激动剂mCPP（0.25和0.5毫克/千克皮下注射）则显著增加了SAP频率。伊沙匹隆（3毫克/千克皮下注射）引起了非特异性行为抑制。这些数据表明，“顶篷”SAP测试是研究大鼠和小鼠风险评估行为的有用范式，并且可能提供一种敏感的新型啮齿动物焦虑模型。
