Powell T A, Holt J C, Fondacaro K M
Clinical Services Division, Department of Corrections, Waterbury, VT 05671, USA.
Law Hum Behav. 1997 Aug;21(4):427-38. doi: 10.1023/a:1024811303834.
A limited number of recent empirical studies suggest that inmates suffer from high rates of serious mental illness. Different explanations are offered depending on the type of institution: jail or prison. The literature is based largely on urban samples and does not offer comparisons of rates across types of institution within a single study. The present study examined a random sample of 213 jail and prison inmates in a rural state using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (III-R). Among jail inmates there was little evidence of high rates of serious mental illness, suggesting the criminalization of mental illness may not be as evident in rural settings as urban areas. Among prison inmates, however, high rates of mental disorders were found, supporting previous findings in urban and rural jurisdictions. Implications of the findings are discussed in the context of a consolidated correctional system.
最近数量有限的实证研究表明，囚犯患有严重精神疾病的比例很高。根据机构类型（监狱或看守所）的不同，有不同的解释。相关文献主要基于城市样本，且在单一研究中未对不同类型机构的发病率进行比较。本研究使用诊断访谈表（第三版修订版）对一个农村州的213名监狱和看守所囚犯进行了随机抽样调查。在看守所囚犯中，几乎没有证据表明严重精神疾病的高发病率，这表明在农村地区，精神疾病的刑事化现象可能不如城市地区明显。然而，在监狱囚犯中，发现了很高的精神障碍发病率，这支持了此前在城市和农村司法管辖区的研究结果。研究结果的影响将在综合惩教系统的背景下进行讨论。
