Ferré S
Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1997 Sep;133(2):107-20. doi: 10.1007/s002130050380.
The ventral striatum is included in brain circuits which connect brain areas classically ascribed to the motor or to the limbic system. In fact, the ventral striatum is involved in the connection between motivationally relevant stimuli and adaptive behaviours. Dopamine neurotransmission in the ventral striatum is essential for the increase in motor activity produced by motivational, salient, stimuli, such as food or novelty or by the administration of psychostimulants. Adenosine plays a role opposite to dopamine in the striatum and adenosine agonists produce similar behavioural effects as dopamine antagonists. On the other hand, adenosine antagonists, like caffeine, produce similar effects to increased dopaminergic neurotransmission in the striatum. Specific antagonistic interactions between specific subtypes of adenosine and dopapaine receptors in the basal ganglia play an essential role in the behavioural effects of adenosine agonists and antagonists. In particular, a strong antagonistic interaction between adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors seems to take place in the striopallidal GABAergic neurons which originate in the ventral striatum. Therefore, adenosine A(ZA) agonists provide a potential new treatment for schizophrenia, since the dopamine D2 receptors of the ventral striopallidal neurons appear to be involved in the antipsychotic effects of neuroleptics. In fact, in animal models, the adenosine A2A agonist CGS 21680 has a profile of antipsychotic with a low liability to induce extrapyramidal side effects.
腹侧纹状体包含在连接传统上归因于运动系统或边缘系统的脑区的脑回路中。事实上，腹侧纹状体参与了动机相关刺激与适应性行为之间的联系。腹侧纹状体中的多巴胺神经传递对于由动机性、显著性刺激（如食物或新奇事物）或精神兴奋剂给药所产生的运动活动增加至关重要。腺苷在纹状体中发挥与多巴胺相反的作用，腺苷激动剂产生与多巴胺拮抗剂相似的行为效应。另一方面，腺苷拮抗剂（如咖啡因）在纹状体中产生与多巴胺能神经传递增加相似的效应。基底神经节中腺苷和多巴胺受体的特定亚型之间的特异性拮抗相互作用在腺苷激动剂和拮抗剂的行为效应中起重要作用。特别是，腺苷A2A和多巴胺D2受体之间的强烈拮抗相互作用似乎发生在起源于腹侧纹状体的纹状体苍白球GABA能神经元中。因此，腺苷A2A激动剂为精神分裂症提供了一种潜在的新治疗方法，因为腹侧纹状体苍白球神经元的多巴胺D2受体似乎参与了抗精神病药物的抗精神病作用。事实上，在动物模型中，腺苷A2A激动剂CGS 21680具有抗精神病特性，诱导锥体外系副作用的可能性较低。
