Mitragotri S, Blankschtein D, Langer R
Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA.
J Pharm Sci. 1997 Oct;86(10):1190-2. doi: 10.1021/js960528v.
Over the last few decades, application of therapeutic ultrasound (frequency between 1 and 3 MHz and intensity between 1 and 2 W/cm2) has been attempted to enhance transdermal transport of several drugs, a method referred to as sonophoresis. The sonophoretic enhancement of transdermal drug transport was found to vary significantly from drug to drug. In certain cases, ultrasound did not induce any enhancement of transdermal drug transport. This variation in the efficacy of sonophoresis has raised a controversy regarding its applicability as a transdermal delivery enhancer. The objective of this paper is to provide a summary of the literature data on sonophoresis and an explanation for the observed variation of the sonophoretic enhancement from drug to drug. This paper also presents an equation to qualitatively predict whether therapeutic ultrasound may enhance transdermal transport of a given drug based on knowledge of the drug passive skin permeability and octanol-water partition coefficient.
在过去几十年中，人们尝试应用治疗性超声（频率在1至3兆赫兹之间，强度在1至2瓦/平方厘米之间）来增强多种药物的透皮转运，这种方法被称为超声透入疗法。结果发现，超声透入疗法对不同药物透皮转运的增强效果差异显著。在某些情况下，超声并未引起任何透皮药物转运的增强。超声透入疗法疗效的这种差异引发了关于其作为透皮给药增强剂适用性的争议。本文的目的是总结关于超声透入疗法的文献数据，并解释所观察到的不同药物超声透入增强效果的差异。本文还提出了一个方程式，可根据药物的被动皮肤渗透率和正辛醇 - 水分配系数的知识，定性预测治疗性超声是否能增强给定药物的透皮转运。
