Pallauf J, Rimbach G
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
Arch Tierernahr. 1997;50(4):301-19. doi: 10.1080/17450399709386141.
In the nutrition of monogastric animals phytate-P represents a poorly available source of phosphorus, especially in the case of diets low in phytase activity. Similarly the bioavailability of different minerals and trace elements is considerably reduced by phytate complexes. High concentrations of Ca increase the anti-nutritive effect of phytic acid on mineral and trace element bioavailability and thus impede the action of phytase. This effect can in part be compensated by an increased supply of vitamin D. There is also evidence for protective functions of phytic acid such as the prevention of the formation of free radicals, the delaying of post prandial glucose absorption, the decrease in plasma cholesterol and triglycerides as well as a change in the carry over of heavy metals. The basic mechanisms by which phytic acid may exert these effects are still not clear. In several studies reported in the literature, evidence for the nutritional significance and ecological importance of microbial phytase for pigs and poultry has been given. As the monogastric organism contains no or only negligible amounts of endogenous phytase in the stomach and small intestine, it is therefore dependent on plant or microbial phytase. Plant phytase, e.g. from rye, triticale, wheat or, in smaller amounts from barley, and supplemented Aspergillus-phytase display cumulative effects.
在单胃动物的营养中，植酸磷是一种磷利用率较低的来源，尤其是在植酸酶活性低的日粮中。同样，植酸复合物会显著降低不同矿物质和微量元素的生物利用率。高浓度的钙会增强植酸对矿物质和微量元素生物利用率的抗营养作用，从而阻碍植酸酶的作用。这种影响部分可以通过增加维生素D的供应量来弥补。也有证据表明植酸具有保护功能，如预防自由基的形成、延缓餐后葡萄糖吸收、降低血浆胆固醇和甘油三酯以及改变重金属的残留。植酸发挥这些作用的基本机制仍不清楚。在文献报道的几项研究中，已给出了微生物植酸酶对猪和家禽的营养意义和生态重要性的证据。由于单胃动物的胃和小肠中不含或仅含有少量内源性植酸酶，因此它依赖于植物或微生物植酸酶。植物植酸酶，例如来自黑麦、小黑麦、小麦的植酸酶，以及少量来自大麦的植酸酶，与添加的曲霉属植酸酶具有累积效应。
