Maingi N, Bjørn H, Thamsborg S M, Munyua W K, Gathumat J M, Dangolla A
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Kenya.
Acta Trop. 1997 Oct 14;68(1):1-9. doi: 10.1016/s0001-706x(97)00067-3.
A questionnaire investigation was used to examine anthelmintic usage and practical worm control for sheep on 50 farms selected randomly in Nyandarua District of Central Kenya. Control of helminths was based primarily on the use of anthelmintics on all 50 farms. On the majority (54%) of these properties, lambs were drenched two times per year. Ewes and rams were drenched three or four times per year on 74% of the farms. Most treatments were given at intervals of approximately 3 months with no specific drenching programmes. Anthelmintic doses for the sheep were based on weights estimated using visual appraisal on 98 and 96% of the properties for lambs and adult sheep, respectively. Only on a small proportion of the farms (22%) was the recommended weight of the heaviest animal used when drenching groups of either lambs or adult sheep. In 1994, the majority (68%) of farmers used levamisole (LEV) in combination with oxyclosanide (OXY) a fasciolicide, 10% used benzimidazoles (BZs), 10% LEV alone and 12% LEV and BZs together. This pattern of anthelmintics use was maintained from 1988 to 1994. Eighty one percent of the farmers had been using only LEV or BZs for three or more consecutive years from 1990 to 1994. The implications of these findings for the development of anthelmintic resistance are discussed.
通过问卷调查，对肯尼亚中部尼扬达鲁瓦区随机选取的50个农场的绵羊驱虫药使用情况及实际驱虫措施进行了调查。所有50个农场的蠕虫控制主要基于驱虫药的使用。在这些农场中，大多数（54%）每年给羔羊驱虫两次。74%的农场每年给母羊和公羊驱虫三到四次。大多数治疗间隔约为3个月，没有具体的驱虫方案。羔羊和成年羊的驱虫药剂量分别基于98%和96%的农场通过目测估计的体重。在给羔羊或成年羊群体驱虫时，只有一小部分农场（22%）使用最重动物的推荐体重。1994年，大多数（68%）农民使用左旋咪唑（LEV）与杀片形吸虫药羟氯柳胺（OXY）联合使用，10%使用苯并咪唑（BZs），10%仅使用LEV，12%同时使用LEV和BZs。从1988年到1994年，驱虫药的使用模式保持不变。从1990年到1994年，81%的农民连续三年或更长时间只使用LEV或BZs。本文讨论了这些发现对驱虫抗药性发展的影响。
