Thermodynamic behaviour of gliadins mixture and the glass-softening transition of its dried state.

The glass-softening transition of a mixture of gliadins extracted from wheat flour has been studied in its dry state by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Further, the rate of removal of its water vapours on its evaporation from a gliadins mixture containing different amounts of water has been investigated, and through this the presence of any exothermic effect that could be attributed to polymerization of gliadins has been examined. The heat absorbed in this evaporation is comparable with the heat of evaporation of pure water measured in a separate experiment in identical conditions. This showed that the gliadins mixture did not polymerize on heating up to 473 K in the presence of moisture. In this respect the behaviour of the gliadins mixture differs remarkably from that of gluten studied before (J Phys Chem 1996:100:19692). The effects of purge gas, helium and argon, on the calorimetric effects during the evaporation of water have been studied. A restudy of gluten shows that helium decreases substantially the endothermic signal in the DSC measurements, and thereby reveals the exothermic effects of polymerization in gluten, but argon does not do so. The structural relaxation time, t, of dry gliadins mixtures at different temperatures has been calculated from an analysis of its glass-softening endotherm. The temperature at which t = 1 ks is 452 K, and the Tg, obtained by the usual method of intersection of the straight lines drawn, is 443 K, 7 K higher than for the polymerized dry gluten, the distribution of relaxation time parameter is 0.25, and increase in the heat capacity in this range is 0.21 J/g K. Physical ageing effects are considerable in the gliadins mixture, which alters the glass-softening endotherm but not the structural relaxation time or its distribution.