Anderson R A, Cheng N, Bryden N A, Polansky M M, Cheng N, Chi J, Feng J
Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Maryland 20705-2350, USA.
Diabetes. 1997 Nov;46(11):1786-91. doi: 10.2337/diab.46.11.1786.
Chromium is an essential nutrient involved in normal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The chromium requirement is postulated to increase with increased glucose intolerance and diabetes. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the elevated intake of supplemental chromium is involved in the control of type 2 diabetes. Individuals being treated for type 2 diabetes (180 men and women) were divided randomly into three groups and supplemented with: 1) placebo, 2) 1.92 micromol (100 microg) Cr as chromium picolinate two times per day, or 3) 9.6 micromol (500 microg) Cr two times per day. Subjects continued to take their normal medications and were instructed not to change their normal eating and living habits. HbA1c values improved significantly after 2 months in the group receiving 19.2 pmol (1,000 microg) Cr per day and was lower in both chromium groups after 4 months (placebo, 8.5 +/- 0.2%; 3.85 micromol Cr, 7.5 +/- 0.2%; 19.2 micromol Cr, 6.6 +/- 0.1%). Fasting glucose was lower in the 19.2-micromol group after 2 and 4 months (4-month values: placebo, 8.8 +/- 0.3 mmol/l; 19.2 micromol Cr, 7.1 +/- 0.2 mmol/l). Two-hour glucose values were also significantly lower for the subjects consuming 19.2 micromol supplemental Cr after both 2 and 4 months (4-month values: placebo, 12.3 +/- 0.4 mmo/l; 19.2 micromol Cr, 10.5 +/- 0.2 mmol/l). Fasting and 2-h insulin values decreased significantly in both groups receiving supplemental chromium after 2 and 4 months. Plasma total cholesterol also decreased after 4 months in the subjects receiving 19.2 micromol/day Cr. These data demonstrate that supplemental chromium had significant beneficial effects on HbA1c, glucose, insulin, and cholesterol variables in subjects with type 2 diabetes. The beneficial effects of chromium in individuals with diabetes were observed at levels higher than the upper limit of the Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intake.
铬是一种参与正常碳水化合物和脂质代谢的必需营养素。据推测，随着葡萄糖耐量异常和糖尿病病情的加重，对铬的需求量会增加。本研究的目的是检验补充铬摄入量增加参与2型糖尿病控制这一假设。接受2型糖尿病治疗的个体（180名男性和女性）被随机分为三组，并给予以下补充剂：1）安慰剂，2）每天两次，每次补充1.92微摩尔（100微克）吡啶甲酸铬形式的铬，或3）每天两次，每次补充9.6微摩尔（500微克）铬。受试者继续服用其常规药物，并被指示不要改变其正常的饮食和生活习惯。每天接受19.2皮摩尔（1000微克）铬的组在2个月后糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）值显著改善，且在4个月后两个铬补充组的该值均较低（安慰剂组，8.5±0.2%；3.85微摩尔铬组，7.5±0.2%；19.2微摩尔铬组，6.6±0.1%）。在2个月和4个月后，19.2微摩尔组的空腹血糖较低（4个月时的值：安慰剂组，8.8±0.3毫摩尔/升；19.2微摩尔铬组，7.1±0.2毫摩尔/升）。在2个月和4个月后，摄入19.2微摩尔补充铬的受试者的两小时血糖值也显著较低（4个月时的值：安慰剂组，12.3±0.4毫摩尔/升；19.2微摩尔铬组，10.5±0.2毫摩尔/升）。在2个月和4个月后，接受铬补充剂的两组受试者的空腹和两小时胰岛素值均显著下降。在每天接受19.2微摩尔铬的受试者中，4个月后血浆总胆固醇也有所下降。这些数据表明，补充铬对2型糖尿病患者的糖化血红蛋白、血糖、胰岛素和胆固醇指标有显著的有益影响。在高于估计的每日膳食安全和充足摄入量上限的水平下，观察到了铬对糖尿病个体的有益作用。
