Gulland F M, Koski M, Lowenstine L J, Colagross A, Morgan L, Spraker T
Marine Mammal Center, Golden Gate National Recreation Area, Sausalito, California 94965, USA.
J Wildl Dis. 1996 Oct;32(4):572-80. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-32.4.572.
Prevalence of leptospirosis was determined in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) stranded live along the central California (USA) coast between January 1981 and December 1994. Clinical signs of renal disease were seen in 764 (33%) of 2338 animals examined; 545 (71%) of these 764 animals died, with similar gross lesions of nephritis. In silver impregnation stains of sections of formalin-fixed kidney, numerous loosely coiled spiral organisms were observed. Leptospira pomona kenniwicki was cultured from four kidney samples in 1991. Epizootics of leptospirosis occurred in 1984, 1988, 1991, and 1994, and were more common in the autumn, typically affecting juvenile males. In 1991 and 1994, 47 animals sampled had antibody titers to L. pomona greater than 1:3200. In 1992, 20 animals sampled were seronegative, and in 1993 three of 20 animals sampled had low titers to L. pomona.
1981年1月至1994年12月期间,对美国加利福尼亚州中部海岸搁浅的活体加利福尼亚海狮(Zalophus californianus)进行了钩端螺旋体病患病率的测定。在检查的2338只动物中,764只(33%)出现了肾病的临床症状;这764只动物中有545只(71%)死亡,伴有类似的肾炎大体病变。在福尔马林固定肾脏切片的银浸染染色中,观察到大量松散盘绕的螺旋体生物。1991年从四个肾脏样本中培养出波摩那钩端螺旋体肯尼威克亚种。钩端螺旋体病的 epizootics 分别发生在1984年、1988年、1991年和我无法翻译的“epizootics”,以及1994年,秋季更为常见,通常影响幼年雄性。1991年和1994年,47只采样动物对波摩那钩端螺旋体的抗体滴度大于1:3200。1992年,20只采样动物血清学阴性,1993年,20只采样动物中有3只对波摩那钩端螺旋体的滴度较低。 (注:原文中“epizootics”这个词可能有误,若按正常逻辑推测可能是“流行”的意思,但不确定准确含义,所以翻译时保留原文。)