Smith K E, Stallknecht D E, Sewell C T, Rollor E A, Mullen G R, Anderson R R
Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA.
J Wildl Dis. 1996 Oct;32(4):627-42. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-32.4.627.
Biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) were monitored at a Georgia (USA) site where epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) and bluetongue (BT) viruses are enzootic among white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Collections were made using a captive white-tailed deer and light traps from June 1993 through November 1994. We collected 210,482 females from the captive deer during morning and evening periods. Predominant species were C. lahillei (73%), C. stellifer (16%), C. biguttatus (6%), C. niger (3%), C. spinosus (2%), and C. paraensis (0.2%). Other species were C. venustus, C. obsoletus/sanguisuga, C. haematopotus, C. guttipennis, and C. arboricola, which together represented < 0.1% of the specimens collected. No C. variipennis, a known vector of EHD and BT viruses, were collected from the deer. An estimated 953,299 females were collected in 695 light-trap nights. The most common species in light-trap collections were C. spinosus (45%), C. biguttatus (27%) and C. stellifer (24%). Culicoides variipennis was rare in the light-trap samples, representing < 0.01% of the total collections. There was serological evidence from hunter-killed deer that local deer were infected with EHD and BT viruses during the study, particularly during 1994. A primary suspect vector was C. lahillei, which attacked the bait deer in large numbers during the summer and early fall of both 1993 and 1994. Based on their seasonality, relative abundance, and host-seeking activity, C. stellifer and C. spinosus also were considered as possible vectors. However, virus isolation attempts on 113,716 Culicoides, including 62,530 C. lahillei and 32,769 C. stellifer, were negative.
在美国佐治亚州的一个地点，对白蛉属（双翅目：蠓科）的咬蠓进行了监测，在该地区，白尾鹿（弗吉尼亚鹿）中流行出血性疾病（EHD）和蓝舌病（BT）病毒。从1993年6月至1994年11月，使用圈养的白尾鹿和诱虫灯进行采集。我们在早晚时段从圈养鹿身上采集了210,482只雌蠓。主要种类有拉氏白蛉（73%）；斯氏白蛉（C. stellifer，16%）；双斑白蛉（C. biguttatus，6%）；黑色白蛉（C. niger，3%）；多刺白蛉（C. spinosus，2%）；以及巴拉那白蛉（C. paraensis，0.2%）。其他种类有美丽白蛉（C. venustus）、废弃白蛉/吸血白蛉（C. obsoletus/sanguisuga）、血池白蛉（C. haematopotus）、点翅白蛉（C. guttipennis）和树栖白蛉（C. arboricola），它们总共占所采集标本的比例不到0.1%。未从鹿身上采集到已知的EHD和BT病毒传播媒介——变异白蛉（C. variipennis）。在695个诱虫灯诱捕夜中，估计采集到953,299只雌蠓。诱虫灯采集的最常见种类是多刺白蛉（45%）、双斑白蛉（27%）和斯氏白蛉（24%）。变异白蛉在诱虫灯样本中很罕见，占总采集量的比例不到0.01%。有来自猎人捕杀鹿的血清学证据表明，在研究期间，当地鹿感染了EHD和BT病毒，特别是在1994年。主要嫌疑传播媒介是拉氏白蛉，它在1993年和1994年的夏季和初秋大量叮咬诱饵鹿。基于它们的季节性、相对丰度和宿主寻找活动，斯氏白蛉和多刺白蛉也被认为可能是传播媒介。然而，对113,716只蠓进行病毒分离尝试，包括62,530只拉氏白蛉和32,769只斯氏白蛉，结果均为阴性。
