Frequent deletion of chromosome 12p12.3 in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Cytogenetic deletions of the short arm of chromosome 12 are common recurring alterations found in a wide range of haematological neoplasias, including childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), the most frequent paediatric malignancy. Such a loss of genetic material suggests the presence of a tumour suppressor gene which plays an important role in growth regulation or in the differentiation of haemopoietic stem cells. To substantiate this hypothesis and to determine more precisely the chromosomal location of this putative gene, we applied a deletion mapping strategy based on the detection of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at specific genomic loci in tumour cells. 13 polymorphic markers were used to screen DNA samples from 20 children with ALL. LOHs at 12p12.3 were observed in almost 50% of informative B-cell precursor ALL patients analysed. This is one of the most frequent genetic alterations found in this disease. A common region of LOH was delimited by the markers D12S89 (distal) and D12S358 (proximal), separated by a genetic interval of approximately 3 cM. We refined the position of the putative 12p tumour suppressor gene to a physical interval of <1.3 Mb, a crucial step towards the identification of candidate genes. A yeast artificial chromosome clone contig that spans the entire critically deleted region includes two known genes: TEL, a member of the ets family of transcription factors, and p27KIP1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor.