Feliu C, Renaud F, Catzeflis F, Hugot J P, Durand P, Morand S
Laboratori de Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Parasitology. 1997 Oct;115 ( Pt 4):453-66. doi: 10.1017/s0031182097001479.
Data on parasites of rodents, collected over an 18-year period on the Iberian peninsula, were used to find the determinants of parasite species richness. A total of 77 species of helminth parasites (nematodes, cestodes and digeneans) was identified among 16 species of rodents. Parasites were classified into groups according to their specificity towards their host and their life-cycle. A working phylogeny of the rodents was proposed on the basis of molecular and paleontological data and for each host the following parameters were recorded: sample size, weight, geographical range, longevity, and life-style. Two comparative methods were used, the independent comparisons method of Pagel (1992) and the distance matrix method of Legendre, Lapointe & Casgrain (1995). The second method has the advantage of measuring the relative contribution of phylogeny. Both methods gave similar results. Overall parasite species richness correlated only with host sample size. Host body size does not correlate with any subset of parasite species richness. However, host phylogeny is a good predicator of specific parasites and the species richness of digeneans correlates with host geographical range. A phylogenetic reconstruction of host relations was performed using the parasites belonging to subgroups in which richness is correlated with host phylogeny. These parasite species were treated as Dollo characters, i.e. we made the assumption that the loss of a parasite species is irreversible. The consensus tree obtained reflects the major phylogenetic divisions of the host group. Finally, this study illustrates the relative importance of processes acting at different temporal and spatial scales (evolutionary time and actual geographical range of hosts) in determining the structure of helminth parasite fauna.
在伊比利亚半岛18年期间收集的啮齿动物寄生虫数据，被用于寻找寄生虫物种丰富度的决定因素。在16种啮齿动物中，共鉴定出77种蠕虫寄生虫（线虫、绦虫和复殖吸虫）。根据寄生虫对宿主的特异性及其生命周期，将其分类为不同的组。基于分子和古生物学数据，提出了一个啮齿动物的工作系统发育树，并记录了每种宿主的以下参数：样本量、体重、地理范围、寿命和生活方式。使用了两种比较方法，Pagel（1992）的独立比较法和Legendre、Lapointe & Casgrain（1995）的距离矩阵法。第二种方法的优点是能够测量系统发育的相对贡献。两种方法得出了相似的结果。总体寄生虫物种丰富度仅与宿主样本量相关。宿主体型与寄生虫物种丰富度的任何子集均无关联。然而，宿主系统发育是特定寄生虫的良好预测指标，复殖吸虫的物种丰富度与宿主地理范围相关。使用属于与宿主系统发育相关的丰富度亚组的寄生虫，进行了宿主关系的系统发育重建。这些寄生虫物种被视为多洛性状，即我们假设寄生虫物种的丧失是不可逆的。得到的一致树反映了宿主群体的主要系统发育分支。最后，本研究说明了在不同时间和空间尺度（进化时间和宿主的实际地理范围）上起作用的过程，在决定蠕虫寄生虫动物群结构方面的相对重要性。
