Frassica F J, Inoue N, Virolainen P, Chao E Y
Department of Orthopaedics and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287-0882, USA.
Semin Nucl Med. 1997 Oct;27(4):321-7. doi: 10.1016/s0001-2998(97)80004-9.
The human skeleton is a remarkable organ that is uniquely designed to provide structural support and to house the body's hematopoietic system and mineral reservoirs. Seven concepts that will assist the clinician in understanding skeletal function are (1) material properties of bone, (2) stress and strain, (3) bending moments and torsional loads, (4) area moments of inertia, (5) fatigue and catastrophic failure, (6) Wolff's law, and (7) stress risers and open section effect. For example, as the modulus of a bone, a measure of stiffness decreases as in Padget's disease or fibrous dysplasia and the same levels of stress will cause greater deformations. The sum of these principles also explains the torus fracture (ductility), fracture of the olecranon by contracting tricep muscle (tensile loading), osteoporotic compression fracture of the spine, and the other biomechanical lesions that are encountered. Understanding these basic biomechanical principles can help physicians comprehend neoplastic processes and fractures that are the metabolic responses of the skeleton to stress and that appear on the radionuclide bone scan.
人体骨骼是一个非凡的器官，其独特的设计旨在提供结构支撑，并容纳人体的造血系统和矿物质储存库。有助于临床医生理解骨骼功能的七个概念是：（1）骨的材料特性；（2）应力和应变；（3）弯矩和扭转载荷；（4）惯性矩面积；（5）疲劳和灾难性失效；（6）沃尔夫定律；（7）应力集中器和开口截面效应。例如，作为骨的模量，即刚度的一种度量，在佩吉特病或骨纤维发育不良中会降低，相同水平的应力会导致更大的变形。这些原理的总和还解释了骨皮质断裂（韧性）、肱三头肌收缩导致的鹰嘴骨折（拉伸载荷）、脊柱骨质疏松性压缩骨折以及其他遇到的生物力学损伤。理解这些基本的生物力学原理有助于医生理解肿瘤过程以及作为骨骼对应力的代谢反应并出现在放射性核素骨扫描上的骨折。
