Ralston S H
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, UK.
Baillieres Clin Rheumatol. 1997 Aug;11(3):479-94. doi: 10.1016/s0950-3579(97)80016-7.
Bone mass at any point in life represents a balance between the amount of bone laid down during growth and development and the amount of bone lost with ageing. At a cellular level, these changes in bone mass occur as the result of bone remodelling; a process whereby bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts) and bone forming cells (osteoblasts) remove and replace small packets of bone at discrete points throughout the skeleton. This process is in turn regulated by a complex interaction between genetic factors and environmental influences such as nutrition and exercise, which affect bone cell function both directly and indirectly by altering the production of local and systemic hormones that modulate bone cell activity. In this chapter, I shall review the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors in regulating bone growth, peak bone mass, and bone loss. Discussion of the genetic aspects shall focus on recent data linking polymorphisms in candidate genes to bone mass and bone loss, and on the possible role which gene-environment interactions may have in regulating these processes.
生命中任何时刻的骨量都代表着生长发育过程中沉积的骨量与随着年龄增长而流失的骨量之间的平衡。在细胞水平上，骨量的这些变化是骨重塑的结果；骨重塑是一个过程，在此过程中，骨吸收细胞（破骨细胞）和成骨细胞在整个骨骼的离散点去除并替换小块骨组织。反过来，这个过程受遗传因素与环境影响（如营养和运动）之间复杂相互作用的调节，这些因素通过改变调节骨细胞活性的局部和全身激素的产生，直接或间接地影响骨细胞功能。在本章中，我将回顾遗传和环境因素在调节骨生长、骨峰值和骨丢失方面的相对重要性。关于遗传方面的讨论将集中在将候选基因中的多态性与骨量和骨丢失联系起来的最新数据，以及基因 - 环境相互作用在调节这些过程中可能发挥的作用。
