Lloyd C, Miller P M
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center 77030, USA.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1997 Nov;185(11):655-63. doi: 10.1097/00005053-199711000-00001.
Previous studies have implicated low parental care and parental overprotection as risk factors for depression in adulthood. The present study further examined the association between perceived parental style and depression in two samples of medical students. In general, both low maternal and paternal care were associated with depression. Furthermore, maternal overprotection in the U.S. sample and paternal overprotection in the Scottish sample were also associated with depression. However, when results were analyzed separately for men and women, clear gender differences emerged, indicating that the observed relationships were occurring chiefly in the men, although there were some indications that low paternal care was associated with depression in women. Because such gender differences have not been previously reported, women medical students may be a unique group with respect to these relationships. Also intriguing was that although parental style characteristics demonstrated significant associations with self-esteem, this was clearly true only for men and not for women. Finally, the study provided the first partial support for the hypothesis that self-esteem mediates the relationship between parental style and depression.
以往的研究表明，父母关爱不足和过度保护是成年后患抑郁症的风险因素。本研究进一步考察了医学生的两个样本中感知到的父母教养方式与抑郁症之间的关联。总体而言，母亲和父亲关爱不足均与抑郁症有关。此外，美国样本中的母亲过度保护和苏格兰样本中的父亲过度保护也与抑郁症有关。然而，当分别对男性和女性的结果进行分析时，明显出现了性别差异，表明所观察到的关系主要发生在男性中，尽管有一些迹象表明父亲关爱不足与女性抑郁症有关。由于此前尚未报道过此类性别差异，女医学生在这些关系方面可能是一个独特的群体。同样有趣的是，尽管父母教养方式特征与自尊有显著关联，但这显然只适用于男性，而不适用于女性。最后，该研究首次为自尊介导父母教养方式与抑郁症之间的关系这一假设提供了部分支持。
