Coiled mechanoreceptors in Aplysia revealed by sensorin immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy.

Identified mechanosensory neurons of Aplysia are established model neurons for studies on learning and memory, and for examining responses to axonal injury. Although many characteristics of these sensory neurons have received intensive study, the nature of the peripheral mechanoreceptive endings remains unknown. Identification of a peptide, sensorin, specific in Aplysia for mechanosensory neurons, led to the development of an antibody which proved useful in studying the peripheral morphology of these neurons. Immunostaining for sensorin in tail body wall revealed that sensorin is present in peripheral arborizations. Examination of sensorin-positive fibers in the periphery revealed that they terminate as coiled structures in the muscle layer of the body wall. These coiled structures (approximately 0.5 microns diameter processes, 2-3 microns across the coil, approximately 60 microns long) run parallel to muscle fibers and have a pitch of about one turn per 4 microns. Sensorin immunostaining was particularly intense in varicosities, both along peripheral fibers and along the coiled structure. The localization of sensorin suggests that it may be released peripherally where it could have various paracrine and/or autocrine neuromodulatory actions.