自知无知：元记忆与话语处理

Knowing that you don't know: metamemory and discourse processing.

作者信息

Klin C M, Guzmán A E, Levine W H

机构信息

Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Binghamton 13902-6000, USA.

出版信息

J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1997 Nov;23(6):1378-93. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.23.6.1378.

DOI:10.1037//0278-7393.23.6.1378

PMID:9372606

Abstract

In 6 experiments, the authors used a speeded question-answering task and a recognition task to examine how people know what they don't know. Extending work by S. Glucksberg and M. McCloskey (1981) to examine metamemory judgments about narratives, the authors asked participants to respond to 2 types of "don't know" questions. In certain conditions, readers were faster to respond "don't know" to implicit "don't know" questions (i.e., no information regarding the answers was provided) than to explicit "don't know" questions (i.e., narratives explicitly stated that something was unknown). The speed of responding to the implicit "don't know" questions was related to the familiarity of the question, which is consistent with claims that fast metacognitive judgments are based on a preliminary evaluation of the familiarity of a cue. This is a first step in integrating theories of metacognition and discourse processing.

摘要

在6项实验中，作者使用了快速问答任务和识别任务来研究人们如何知道自己不知道什么。为了扩展S. 格鲁克斯伯格和M. 麦克洛斯基（1981年）关于检验对叙事的元记忆判断的研究，作者要求参与者回答两种类型的“不知道”问题。在某些条件下，读者对隐含的“不知道”问题（即未提供有关答案的信息）回答“不知道”的速度，比明确的“不知道”问题（即叙事中明确表示某些事情未知）更快。对隐含“不知道”问题的回答速度与问题的熟悉程度有关，这与快速元认知判断基于对线索熟悉程度的初步评估的说法一致。这是整合元认知理论和语篇处理理论的第一步。