Schmitter-Edgecombe Maureen, Anderson Jonathan W
Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4820, USA.
Neuropsychology. 2007 Mar;21(2):224-34. doi: 10.1037/0894-4105.21.2.224.
The ability to accurately monitor one's memory is a metacognitive process that is important in everyday life. The authors examined episodic memory feeling-of-knowing (FOK) ratings in 21 moderate to severe closed-head injury (CHI) participants (more than 1 year postinjury) and 21 controls. Participants studied 36 critical cue-target word pairs. Following a brief delay, they were asked to recall the target that corresponded to a given cue. Confidence ratings were made for recalled words, and FOK judgments were made for nonrecalled words in terms of the likelihood of recognizing the target word on a subsequent recognition test. CHI participants demonstrated less accurate recall but accurate ability to judge their recall performance (retrospective memory monitoring). They also demonstrated intact FOK judgments when providing binary judgments but demonstrated difficulties making finer discriminations on an ordinal scale (prospective memory monitoring). These findings suggest that memory monitoring is not a unitary construct. It is proposed that CHI participants may display intact memory monitoring when predictions are based on familiarity assessment but not when continued probing for additional episodic information is required.
准确监测自身记忆的能力是一种元认知过程，在日常生活中很重要。作者研究了21名中度至重度闭合性颅脑损伤（CHI）患者（受伤超过1年）和21名对照组的情景记忆知晓感（FOK）评分。参与者学习了36对关键线索-目标单词对。短暂延迟后，要求他们回忆与给定线索对应的目标。对回忆出的单词进行信心评分，对未回忆出的单词就后续识别测试中识别目标单词的可能性进行FOK判断。CHI患者的回忆准确性较低，但判断自身回忆表现的能力（回顾性记忆监测）准确。在进行二元判断时，他们的FOK判断也完好无损，但在按顺序量表进行更精细区分时（前瞻性记忆监测）存在困难。这些发现表明记忆监测不是一个单一的结构。有人提出，当预测基于熟悉度评估时，CHI患者可能表现出完好的记忆监测，但当需要持续探究更多情景信息时则不然。
