Thermal therapy for gastrointestinal bleeding.

Thermal therapies were the initial forms of endoscopic treatment for GI bleeding more than 20 years ago. Other new technologies have emerged, but thermal treatment with multipolar coagulation or heat probe therapy remains as good as newer techniques. Initial hemostasis rates continue to be 90% or greater. However, rebleeding in about 15% remains a problem. The devices are safe and generally affordable.