Hwang J H, Kim T S, Lee K S, Choi Y H, Han J, Chung M P, Kwon O J, Rhee C H
Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Sung Kyun Kwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1997 Nov-Dec;21(6):913-9. doi: 10.1097/00004728-199711000-00014.
The most common high resolution CT (HRCT) findings of bronchiolitis are centrilobular nodules and branching linear structures in the secondary pulmonary lobules or areas of air trapping. These findings can be helpful in suggesting the presence of bronchiolitis. However, they are nonspecific because there are overlapping features among various kinds of bronchiolitis. Bronchiolar or peribronchiolar inflammation appears as centrilobular nodule, while bronchiolectasis filled with secretions manifests with branching linear structure on HRCT. Air trapping is secondary to bronchiolitis. Proliferative bronchiolitis with the findings of patchy areas of consolidation or ground-glass opacity can be distinguished from other bronchiolitis. Mineral dust-induced bronchiolitis and peribronchiolar lesions in sarcoidosis present with perilymphatic (centrilobular plus perilobular) micronodules in the secondary pulmonary lobule. Bronchiolitis in hypersensitivity pneumonia appears with poorly defined centrilobular nodules, associated with ground-glass opacity and air trapping.
细支气管炎最常见的高分辨率CT（HRCT）表现为小叶中心结节、次级肺小叶内的分支线状结构或空气潴留区域。这些表现有助于提示细支气管炎的存在。然而，它们是非特异性的，因为各种细支气管炎之间存在重叠特征。细支气管或细支气管周围炎症表现为小叶中心结节，而充满分泌物的细支气管扩张在HRCT上表现为分支线状结构。空气潴留是细支气管炎的继发表现。具有斑片状实变区或磨玻璃样密度影表现的增殖性细支气管炎可与其他细支气管炎相鉴别。矿物粉尘所致细支气管炎和结节病中的细支气管周围病变在次级肺小叶内表现为淋巴管周围（小叶中心加小叶周围）微小结节。过敏性肺炎中的细支气管炎表现为边界不清的小叶中心结节，伴有磨玻璃样密度影和空气潴留。
