Cooley D A
Department of Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston 77225-0345, USA.
Ann Thorac Surg. 1997 Nov;64(5):1544-8. doi: 10.1016/S0003-4975(97)01025-4.
Experience in the surgical management of congenital heart defects led to the advent of open heart surgery as it is known today. Only after 1938, when Robert Gross first ligated a patent ductus arteriosus, did congenital anomalies yield to correction. Success with these anomalies encouraged surgeons to attempt other extracardiac and intracardiac repairs. These attempts resulted in a steady flow of advances that culminated in the practical application of cardiopulmonary bypass and the procedures it made possible. Today, less than 60 years since Gross's landmark operation, surgical intervention can fully or partially correct 95% of congenital heart defects.
先天性心脏缺陷的外科治疗经验促成了如今广为人知的心脏直视手术的出现。直到1938年罗伯特·格罗斯首次结扎动脉导管未闭之后，先天性心脏异常才得以矫正。这些异常矫正的成功鼓励外科医生尝试其他心外和心内修复手术。这些尝试带来了一系列稳步进展，最终促成了体外循环及其所实现的手术的实际应用。如今，距离格罗斯的里程碑式手术不到60年，外科干预能够完全或部分矫正95%的先天性心脏缺陷。
