Reddy G, Reddy T V, Choudhury H, Daniel F B, Leach G J
U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010-5422, USA.
J Toxicol Environ Health. 1997 Dec 12;52(5):447-60. doi: 10.1080/00984109708984075.
The remedial investigation/feasibility studies conducted at certain Army installations showed a need to clean up contaminated sites, where high levels of ammunition chemicals such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB), 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB), and their degradation products/metabolites were detected in surface soil and groundwater. TNB is a photodegradation product of TNT; it is not easily degraded, and persists in the environment. The toxicity data on TNB are scanty. Hence the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1988 (U.S. EPA, 1997) developed a reference dose (RfD) for TNB (0.00005 mg/kg/d for chronic toxicity) based on the toxicity of DNB, which is structurally similar to TNB. Since then we have completed acute, subacute, subchronic, chronic, reproductive, and developmental toxicity studies and toxicokinetics studies. We have reviewed the mammalian toxicity data for TNB and have determined the no observed adverse effect levels (NOAEL) and low observed adverse effect levels (LOAEL) for subchronic, chronic, reproductive, and developmental toxicity. Based on the newly determined NOAEL and LOAEL values, we have now developed a new RfD for TNB (0.03 mg/kg/d), based on the chronic toxic effects on hematology and histopathological changes in testes and kidney.
在某些陆军设施进行的补救调查/可行性研究表明，有必要清理受污染场地，在这些场地的表层土壤和地下水中检测到了高浓度的弹药化学品，如2,4,6-三硝基甲苯（TNT）、1,3,5-三硝基苯（TNB）、1,3-二硝基苯（DNB）及其降解产物/代谢物。TNB是TNT的光降解产物；它不易降解，并在环境中持续存在。关于TNB的毒性数据很少。因此，美国环境保护局于1988年（美国环保局，1997年）根据与TNB结构相似的DNB的毒性，制定了TNB的参考剂量（RfD）（慢性毒性为0.00005毫克/千克/天）。从那时起，我们完成了急性、亚急性、亚慢性、慢性、生殖和发育毒性研究以及毒代动力学研究。我们审查了TNB的哺乳动物毒性数据，并确定了亚慢性、慢性、生殖和发育毒性的未观察到有害作用水平（NOAEL）和低观察到有害作用水平（LOAEL）。基于新确定的NOAEL和LOAEL值，我们现在根据对血液学的慢性毒性影响以及睾丸和肾脏的组织病理学变化，为TNB制定了一个新的RfD（0.03毫克/千克/天）。
