Ip C
Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Dec;66(6 Suppl):1523S-1529S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/66.6.1523S.
I review the effects of trans fatty acids, oleic acid, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and conjugated linoleic acid on mammary carcinogenesis in animals. The goal is not to provide an exhaustive survey of all the publications on these topics; such a Herculean effort has been accomplished by previous reviews, which are cited in the text. Instead, the emphasis is on the consistency or lack of consistency of information regarding each of the above fatty acids, confounding factors that may help to reconcile discrepancies in the database, a perspective of the history of the research, and certain unique or exciting opportunities that are worthy of special attention in evaluations of the relations between specific fatty acids and cancer. This review arrives at four conclusions: 1) There is little evidence that trans fatty acids have an adverse effect on carcinogenesis. 2) The data on cancer protection by oleic acid are not convincing. An inhibitory effect attributed to an increased intake of oleic acid could be due to an inadequate supply of linoleic acid. 3) Although a suppressive response to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is observed in most cases, the availability of linoleic acid is likely to be a confounding factor in determining the final outcome. 4) Conjugated linoleic acid is unique in the sense that concentrations < or = 1% are sufficient for producing significant cancer protection and that this effect seems to be independent of the other fatty acids.
我回顾了反式脂肪酸、油酸、n-3多不饱和脂肪酸和共轭亚油酸对动物乳腺癌发生的影响。目的不是对关于这些主题的所有出版物进行详尽的综述;前人的综述已经完成了如此艰巨的工作,本文中会引用这些综述。相反,重点在于上述每种脂肪酸相关信息的一致性或不一致性、可能有助于调和数据库中差异的混杂因素、研究历史的视角以及在评估特定脂肪酸与癌症之间的关系时值得特别关注的某些独特或令人兴奋的机会。本综述得出四个结论:1)几乎没有证据表明反式脂肪酸对癌症发生有不利影响。2)关于油酸对癌症的保护作用的数据并不令人信服。归因于油酸摄入量增加的抑制作用可能是由于亚油酸供应不足。3)尽管在大多数情况下观察到对n-3多不饱和脂肪酸有抑制反应,但亚油酸的可获得性可能是决定最终结果的一个混杂因素。4)共轭亚油酸的独特之处在于,浓度≤1%就足以产生显著的癌症保护作用,而且这种作用似乎独立于其他脂肪酸。